Thanks for all who attended the 2023 Friends of the Pleistocene PNW Cell's field trip and for sending in your pics! Calcrete. Proper...

Near field (blue) and far field (red) hydrofracture curves shown. During the hydrofracture period, fluid pressure drops as fractures...

Focus Shifts North Paleo-outburst flood indicators including large bedform trains and iceberg scour marks have been discovered in Okanogan Valley and other south-trending valleys of NE Washington (Gombiner & Lesemann 2024, Lesemann et al. 2024). Identical features are known in the Channeled Scabland and other outburst flood tracts worldwide, including Iceland. The features document glacial floods of significant size and sourced in southern British Columbia spilled south into